International investigation in Nigeria regarding counterfeit checks could lead to arrests, worldwide

A joint operation by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, United States Postal Inspection Service and the United Kingdom Serious Organized Crimes Agency has substantiated that a lot of counterfeit checks are being shipped via mail out of Nigeria.

From This Day courtesy of AllAfrica.com:

A statement by Osita Nwajah Head, Media & Publicity of EFCC said the exercise is the first multi-national interdiction operation of outward bound packages in the country. It saw agents of the three law enforcement agencies poring through tones of outward bound packages in the pre-exporting mail processing centres of the Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST) and private courier companies like FedEx, UPS and DHL. The operation produced startling discoveries of how criminal elements operating from the country ship fake documents and counterfeit financial instruments abroad. In several packages were found fraudulent identification and counterfeit financial instruments neatly concealed in carbon paper to evade the sensors of scanners.

In all, 15,129 counterfeit cheques related to advance fee fraud scams were intercepted. They include 6,948 blank cheques and others drawn for the sums of $145.9 million, Euro 211,077, 218.00, over two million Pounds Sterling and 120,450.00 Canadian dollars.

Thus far, according to the report, no arrests have been made. The checks used in different variations of the advance fee scam are normally mailed in quantity to distributors and then mailed to the individual victims to cash. My guess is that this effort was to gather evidence, which will enable law enforcement to tie in the counterfeit checks to criminals in several different countries.

To substantiate this guess, the article in This Day states:

Similar interdiction operations were carried out simultaneously in Spain, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. The global initiative against 419 scam will climax with an international press conference in Washington DC, to be conducted by Chief Executives of selected law enforcement agencies around the world. The EFCC is one of the agencies invited, the statement pointed out.

In an advance fee scam, social engineering ploys (trickery) are used to dupe people into cashing these bogus financial instruments and wiring the money back to the criminals behind the scheme.

When the check is discovered to be fraudulent, anywhere from right on the spot to about ten days later, the person passing the item is left holding the bag. This can translate into a loss of their freedom (getting arrested), being held financially liable, or a combination of both these consequences.

Interestingly enough, the report states that fraudulent identification documents were being shipped along with the counterfeit checks. This might lead some to speculate that not all of these items are intended to be pawned off on advance fee victims. Counterfeit checks and counterfeit identification documents are a well-known combination used by individuals, or groups committing the more intentional variety of check fraud.

Advance fee victims are duped into using their own information to cash the items.

A new trend has been noted called reverse scamming, also. This occurs when scammers have the bogus instruments sent to them, cash them and then never follow the instructions to wire the money.

If confronted, these reverse scammers will always proclaim (loudly) to be victims, however if they don't wire any money anywhere, their intent in passing the item is pretty obvious.

Hopefully, enough evidence has been gathered in this operation to prosecute fraudsters all over Europe and North America, as well as in Nigeria.

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission's motto is "The EFCC will get you anywhere .....anytime." With a little luck, this investigation might end up proving how true this statement is!

This Day story, here.

A lot of people are led to believe that advance fee scams are all from Nigeria. Although some of them are, Nigeria isn't the only point of origin for this activity. In fact, because of all the press on Nigerian scams, I've seen a lot of these other advance fee fraudsters impersonate Nigerians to lay the blame, elsewhere.

Counterfeit money orders, gift and travelers cheques have been circulating in these scams in the recent past, also.

I've written other posts about how the EFCC goes after criminal activity, here.

Immigrants targeted in learn English (with Rhythm) scam

Immigrants are often targeted in scams because they are less likely to report them. Here is an example -- where the Oregon AG with some assistance from the Willamette University College of Law Clinical Law Program is going after four California corporations for scamming immigrants -- who want to learn English.

Ironically, I seem to hear a lot of criticism about immigrants, who don't want to learn English. In this instance, people trying to exactly this (learn English), were being scammed!

From the Oregon AG (Attorney General) press release:

The lawsuit alleges that from 2002 to 2005 the defendants targeted members of Oregon's Hispanic community by advertising "free" English-language instruction courses entitled "Ingles con Ritmo" (English with Rhythm) and later charged exorbitant shipping and handling fees. The defendants repeatedly demanded additional payments for products that consumers never ordered or received. Thereafter, the defendants falsely represented themselves as third-party debt collectors and lawyers and threatened legal action in an effort to extract more money from the victims. In all cases, the victims owed the defendants nothing.

I decided to Google "Ingles con Ritmo" (English with Rhythm) and found an article by Consumer Affairs, where the FTC filed a similar action in June.

From the FTC press release:

According to the FTC’s complaint, from 2003 to 2005 the defendants sold an English-language instruction course, “Inglés con Ritmo,” advertised on Spanish-language television and the defendants’ Web sites, http://www.tonorecords.com/ and http://www.tonomusic.com/, stating that it was free due to government or non-profit subsidies. Inquiring consumers were told that a shipping and handling fee of $100 to $169 applied. Since 2006, the complaint states, the defendants, posing as third-party debt collectors, told consumers they owed money, typically $900, and repeatedly called them, even though the evidence shows that they owe no money.

The defendants are charged with violating the FTC Act and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) by falsely claiming that a debt is owed; by falsely claiming to be, or to represent, an attorney; and by falsely threatening legal action, arrest, imprisonment, property seizure, or garnishment of wages. Other FDCPA violations alleged are attempting to collect an amount of debt not authorized by contract or permitted by law; harassing consumers; and failing to inform consumers, within five days of their initial communication with them, of their right to dispute and obtain verification of their debt and the name of the original creditor.

The corporations and individuals listed in the suit are:

Tono Records, dba Tono Music and Professional Legal Services, Tono Publishing, Promo Music, Millennium Three Corp., Dulce Ugalde, Luis Roberto Ruiz, and Maria Oceguera, all based in Los Angeles County, California.

As of this writing, both the sites linked to in the FTC press release are no longer active.

Although, I'm glad to see a civil action undertaken in this instance, I have to wonder why criminal charges aren't being filed. Some of the collection practices allegedly being used, might be defined as "extortion," which is a criminal offense.

Consumer Action, a non profit organization that has been around since 1971 has a page on their site detailing the most common scams, where immigrants are targeted.

They list the most common scams against immigrants, which were put together by the FTC in 2006:

• Predatory lending practices. Lower income levels and other factors can make obtaining access to credit difficult. Moreover, Hispanics unfairly may be charged higher interest rates.

• Immigration fraud. Perpetrated by so-called “immigration consultants,” such schemes tend to increase when immigration legislation (for example, for an “amnesty”) is being proposed or considered. The “consultants” take advantage of general awareness of possible new programs and their victims’ lack of sophistication about the legislative process.

• Used cars. Some sellers fail to comply with applicable state and federal laws, such as the FTC’s Used Car Rule (if a transaction is conducted in Spanish, the mandated “Buyers Guide,” disclosing whether the vehicle comes with a warranty or “as is,” must be provided in Spanish) or California’s law that if negotiations are conducted in Spanish, the written contract also must be in Spanish.

• Health insurance fraud. Because minimum wage earners often do not obtain health insurance from their employers, they are attracted to offers for low-cost health insurance, which may not provide the advertised benefits, if any.

• Buying clubs (offering discounts on products and services). For Hispanics who seek discounts and best prices, offers for buying clubs are extremely attractive. Panelists at an FTC Hispanic/Latino Outreach Forum described a Hispanic cultural affinity for “free” or discounted goods and services, and an economic need for them driven by lower income levels as a group. Buying clubs often are offered for free for thirty days, requiring the consumer to cancel before the end of thirty days to avoid being charged for the club.

• Work-at-home schemes. The panelists considered this a growing problem area that particularly takes advantage of undocumented immigrants seeking an income without having a traditional employer. Tackling this fraud also poses challenges because these schemes are advertised not just in classified ads and other media, but often by signs tacked onto telephone poles.

• Notario fraud. In most Latin American countries, the term “notario” implies that the person described is a licensed attorney. Panelists reported a common scam involving individuals who represent themselves as “notario” and offer help with the immigration process; in fact, these individuals are not attorneys.

• Remittances. The panelists noted that many Hispanics wire money to relatives in their home countries and that there are many problems with undisclosed fees or fees that vary from what was disclosed.

• Prepaid phone cards. Panelists agreed that problems with undisclosed fees are commonplace with these cards.

• Employment agency fraud. This fraud preys upon undocumented immigrants looking for work and tends to increase when the economy is in a downturn.

• Panelists observed that purported cures for many ailments appear in numerous Spanish newspapers and other Spanish-language media.

Oregon AG press release, here

FTC press release, here.

The FTC now has information in Spanish on their site, here.

Educate yourself about scholarship scams before you go to school

With the high cost of an education these days, dishonest people are using the lure of a scholarship to cheat students and their parents of their hard earned money.

The FTC has a informative page on this trend:

According to the Federal Trade Commission, unscrupulous companies guarantee or promise scholarships, grants or fantastic financial aid packages. Many use high pressure sales pitches at seminars where you're required to pay immediately or risk losing out on the "opportunity."

Some unscrupulous companies guarantee that they can get scholarships on behalf of students or award them "scholarships" in exchange for an advance fee. Most offer a "money back guarantee"- but attach conditions that make it impossible to get the refund. Others provide nothing for the student's advance fee - not even a list of potential sources; still others tell students they've been selected as "finalists" for awards that require an up-front fee. Sometimes, these companies ask for a student's checking account to "confirm eligibility," then debit the account without the student's consent. Other companies quote only a relatively small "monthly" or "weekly" fee and then ask for authorization to debit your checking account - for an undetermined length of time.

More information on this from the FTC, here.

Also contained in the above link is information, where you can report suspected fraudulent activity to the FTC.

Advance fee schemes are nothing new in the world of fraud. If someone promises you something that's too good to be true and doesn't make sense, the best thing to do is ignore their offer and then report them.

The NACAC (National Association for College Admission Counseling) has put together a nice set of links regarding this subject, also.

Blogger fights back against the storm worm

Since Blogger has been kind enough to host this blog for about two years now, I thought I should do a post about the recent reports concerning malware and Blogger.

Blogger itself, wasn't compromised, but a lot of bloggers individual blogs were. Most people are compromised by malware after clicking on a link they shouldn't have.

This was posted on Blogger Buzz:

You may have seen stories in the news recently about malware on Blogger, such has this one from the BBC or this one from Committee to Protect Bloggers. Blogger was not compromised. Instead, the blog posts are from bloggers whose machines were compromised by a Trojan horse.

These bloggers had their mail2blogger email addresses in their computers' address books (a perfectly legitimate use case), so when the malicious software spammed every address in their address book with its content, a copy of that email was posted to their blog.

We are in the process of notifying impacted bloggers and recommending that they scan their computers and run current anti-virus software, available in the GooglePack. This is also good advice for all computer users, especially those who may have clicked the links in the emails sent by the virus. For more information about computer security, check out upenn.edu and us-cert.gov.

The BBC article mentions that Alex Eckelberry, who blogs at the Sunbelt blog was the first to discover the problem on Blogger. Please note, Alex himself is a Blogger user and the CEO of Sunbelt Software, a computer security company.

Alex has even been kind enough to help me, when I ran into a problem, or two doing this blog.

Alex has a pretty visual post (lot's of screenshots), which show exactly how the worm would be encountered in the wild.

Of interest, Alex also discovered that Blogger wasn't the only place, where people are being lured into downloading the storm worm.

From what I understand the intent of the storm worm is to turn a computer into a zombie, which becomes part of a botnet. Botnets are networks of zombie computers.

Botnets are used to send out spam e-mail and sometimes attack other systems in what are known as DOS (denial of service) attacks. They are also used to commit click fraud.

Of note, most Internet fraud can be traced to a spam e-mail.

Besides running a scan with good anti-virus software (to see if you've been compromised) -- the best defense is to learn how to spot the lures that are designed to trick people into clicking on them. In most instances, this will stop the problem before it happens!

When sweepstakes scammers target the elderly should it be considered elder abuse?

Photo courtesy of speedwaystar at Flickr

Lottery and sweepstakes scams are on the rise and there seems to be little help for the victims, who fall for them. There also seems to be not very many consequences for the criminals, who are stealing people blind.

Paul Wenske of the Kansas City Star did a telling story in the Kansas City Star, which focuses on how senior citizens in the Midwest are being targeted and losing their entire life savings in the process.

From the Star article:

Canadian telemarketers spent two years bilking Walter Blevins of Arkansas City, Kan., out of $300,000 — his life savings.

The scammers initially told the 78-year-old former aircraft worker he’d won $2.2 million in a lottery. He just needed to wire cash to cover the taxes and other fees on his windfall.

The article also states that no one seems to be able to help these people once they've sent the money, but these crimes are now being classified as "cross border fraud."

The Missouri AG has tried to step in, but is limited in his jurisdictional powers to sending cease and desist letters to the scammers up North:

Seniors who make the mistake of responding to one mailing or phone call often end up on lists that are sold and resold, resulting in a flood of junk mail.

Late last year, Missouri Attorney General Jay Nixon launched “Senior Sting,” an ongoing operation in which 300 seniors were asked to save such solicitations. They collected 8,000 pieces of mail in the first month.

Don Burnett, of Louisiana, Mo., said at one time he was receiving eight mailings a day from foreign lotteries, sweepstakes and check schemes.

Interestingly enough, a lot of these solicitations are coming in junk mail and telemarketing calls and not from spam e-mails.

The article speculates that the fraudsters doing this are compiling telemarketing lists. While this is probably true, an information broker (InfoUSA) was recently accused of selling market segment targeted lists to some of these scammers.

Given the fact, most of these enterprises pose as legitimate businesses, I wonder how hard it is for them to simply purchase these lists?

The article also cites information from the Federal Trade Commission and the National Consumer League's Fraud Center.

The NCL site has an entire section on Elder Fraud, which can be reached by clicking, here.

Not to be outdone, the FTC also covers this subject in great detail on their site, here.

What's interesting to me is that I see elder abuse becoming a hot issue. The National Center for Elder Abuse is an organization that lobbies for stricter laws when senior citizens are abused.

While most of these telemarketing scams are considered fraud -- which many think of as a low priority crime, perhaps if when it involves senior citizens, we think of it as elder abuse -- the authorities on both sides of the border might begin to get more aggressive in prosecuting the criminals behind these schemes.

In my opinion -- stealing a senior citizen's entire life savings is nothing less and the criminals doing this deserve to be considered as what they truly are -- one of the lowest forms of life on the Planet!

Kansas City Star article, here.